The Mughal Empire, Babur

 

ONE-LINER HISTORY NOTE FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMS

 

The Mughal Empire

1.       The Mughals were originally Turks.  

2.      They belonged to the Chaghtai branch of the Turkish race.  

3.      Period of the Mughal empire is known as Second Classical Age. First Classical Age is the period Guptas.  

4.      Mughal Empire is also known as Timurid Empire because of its relation to Amir Timur.  

5.      Mughal Emperors are 20 in number. They ruled India from 1526 to 1857. Only six are considered great They are:  

6.      Zahiruddin Muhammed Babur (1526 - 1530)  

7.      Naziruddin Mirza Muhammed Humayun (1530 - 40 & 1555 - 1556)  

8.      Jalaluddin Muhammed Akbar - (1556 - 1605)  

9.      Nuruddin Muhammed Jahangir (1605 - 1627) Krishnadeva Rayar  

10.    Shahabuddin Muhammed Shah Jahan (1628 - 1658)  

11.      Muhiyuddin Muhammed Aurangazeb Alamgir (1658 - 1707)

 

Babur

1.       Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, was the fifth descendant of Timur on Father’s side and the fourteenth descendant of Chengizkhan on mothers side.  

2.      Babur was born in Farghana in Turkey on 14 Feb. 1483 as the som of Umer Sheik Mirza ad Qulik Nigarkhanum.  

3.      Babur’s father Umershiek Mirza was the grand son of Amir Timur and the ruler of Farghana.  

4.      Babur became the ruler of Samarkhand at the Age of 11.  

5.      He captured Kabul in 1504.  

6.      Then Babur attacked India 5 times for want of wealth.  

7.      Babur’s first Attack of India was in 1519 Bhera was the first place captured by Babur.  

8.      In 1524 Daulatkhan, Ibrahim Lodhi’s brother invited Babur to India.  

9.      On 21 April 1526 Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi, the last Lodhi Sulthan in the First Battle of Panipat.  

10.    On 16 March 1527 he defeated Rana Sangha of Mewar, in the Battle of Khanwa.  

11.      The Rajputs in 1528 under Medini Raj of Malwa fought against Babur in the Battle of Chanderi, but were defeated.  

12.    In 1529 the Afghans under Muhammed Lodhi fought against Babur in the Battle of Ghaghra but were defeated.  

13.    In 1530 December 26, Babur died and was cremated at Kabul.  

14.    Babur was the first to use Artillery in India.  

15.    His memoirs or autobiography ‘Tuzuk-i-Baburi or Baburnamah was written in Turkish language, Babur’s mothertongue.  

16.    Babur said ‘I dont like India and Indians’.  

17.     Babur was the first Mughal ruler to keep in hand the Kohinur Diamond.  

18.    Babur was a contemporary of Krishnadeva Raya of Vijaya Nagara Empire.