Sikhism, Renjith Singh

By Nilu -

 

ONE-LINER HISTORY NOTE FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMS

 

Sikhism

1.       ‘Sikh’ is a sanskrit word which means ‘desciple’  

2.      Sikh religion was founded by GuruNanak.  

3.      Guru Nanak was born was born at Talwandi in Lahore, belonged to the Khatri Caste (Mercantile Community)  

4.      Nanak called his creed as Gurumat or Guru’s wisdom. Shivaji GuruNanak  

5.      GuruNanak was born in 1469 and died in 1538.  

6.      He was the first Guru of the Sikhs.  

7.      Nanak preached only in Punjabi.  

8.      Nanak nominated Guru Angad as his successor.  

9.      Guru Angad introduced Gurumukhi Script. He also compiled Guru Nanak’s biography Janam Sakis.  

10.    Langar or free community dining was also introduced by Guru Angad.  

11.      Third Sikh Guru was Amar Das. He started the Manji system ie, branches for the propagation of Sikhs. He made Guruship hereditory.  

12.    Guru Ramdas was the fourth Sikh Guru. He founded the city of Amritsar. The place for the city was donated by Akbar.  

13.    Under the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjun Dev, Sikhism became an organised religion. He compiled the ‘Adi Grandh’ the sacred book of the Sikhs. He built a temple at Amritsar , (later the Golden Temple) Har Mandir Sahib. He helped Jahangir’s son Prince Khusru to rebel against the Emperor So he was executed by Jahangir at Lahore in 1606 AD.  

14.    The sixth Guru Hargovind, created a Sikh army and turned against Shah Jahan. He founded a palace opposite to Harmandir Sahib known as ‘Akaltakt’. He also adopted the title Sacha Padusha, which means true ruler. (the title was not adopted by Teg Bahadur)  

15.    Seventh Guru was Har Rai. He was succeeded by Guru Harkishan. Har Kishan became the Guru at the age of five, hence he is the youngest Sikh Guru.  

16.    The 10th and the last Guru, Govind Singh formed the Khalsa or the Sikh brotherhood.  

17.     He introduced ‘Panchkakar’ of Sikhism -ie Kesh (long hair) Kanga (Comb) Kripan (Sword), Kachha (Underwear) and Kara (Iron bangk)  

18.    He introduced baptism and wanted every Sikh to bear community surname ‘Singh’ or lion.  

19.    His aim was the establishment of a Sikh State after overthrowing the Mughals. In 1708 he was killed by an Afghan.  

20.  ‘Vichithra Natak’ is the autobiography of Guru Govind Singh.

21.    Sikh Guru Guru Nanak --- 1469-1538 , Guru Angad  --- 1538 - 1552 , Guru Amardas  --- 1552 - 1574 , Guru Ramdas  --- 1574 - 1581 , Guru Arjundev  --- 1581 - 1606 , Guru Hargovind  --- 1606 - 1645 , Guru Har Rai  --- 1645 - 1661 , Guru Har Kishan  --- 1661-1664 , Guru Teg Bahadur  --- 1664-1675 , Guru Govind Singh  --- 1675 - 1708  

22.   Kartarpur Dabir is the root form of Guru Grandh Sahib.  

23.   Govind Singh proclaimed the Grandh Sahib as the eternal Guru.

 

Renjith Singh (1780 - 1836)  

1.       Renjith Singh became the ruler of Punjab in 1799.  

2.      He assumed the title Maharaja in 1801.  

3.      The 1809 the British and Renjith Singh made the Treaty of Amritsar during the period of Lord Minto  

4.      In 1809 Shah Shuja the grandson of Ahmedshah Abdali presented the Kohinoor diamond to Ranjith Singh.  

5.      Later Punjab was annexed to the British territories by Lord Dalhousie in 1849. Sir John Lawrence became the first Chief Commissioner of Punjab.  

6.      The Sikhs fought two wars against the English First Anglo-Sikh War (1845- 1846) and the Second Anglo-Sikh war (1848 - 1849)

 

 

 

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