Delhi Sultanate, Slave Dynasty

ONE-LINER HISTORY NOTE FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMS

 

Delhi Sultanate 

1.       The five dynasties which founded subsequently after the Turkish invasion were collectively known as Delhi sulthanate. They are:

2.      Slave Dynasty ---- 1206 – 1290,  Khilji Dynasty ---- 1290 – 1320,  Tughlaq Dynasty ---- 1320 – 1412,  Sayyid Dynasty ---- 1414 – 1451,  Lodi Dynasty---- 1451 – 1526.

 

Slave Dynasty (1206 - 1290) 

1.       Slave Dynasty was also called Ilbari Dynasty, Yamini Dynasty or Mamluk Dynasty.  

2.      Qutub-ud-din Aibak was a slave of Muhammed Ghori and he founded the Slave Dynasty in 1206 AD.  

3.      Aibak was the first Muslim ruler of India.  

4.      The capital of Qutub-ud-din Aibak was at Lahore

5.      Important Court Scholars , Kalidasa --- Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) , Banabhatta  --- Harshavardhana , Alberuni  --- Muhammed Ghazni , Firdausi  --- Muhammad Ghazni , Amir Khusru  --- Alauddin Khilji , Todarmal  --- Akbar , Tansen  --- Akbar , Birbal  --- Akbar , Mansingh  --- Akbar , Abul Fazal  --- Akbar , Ashva Ghosha  --- Kanishka , Amara Simha  --- Chandragupta II , Chand Bardai  --- Prithviraj Chauhan , Revikirti  --- Pulikeshin II , Dhanwantari  --- Chandragupta II , Harisen  --- Samudra Gupta , Tenali Rama  --- Krishnadeva Raya

6.      He was known as ‘Lakh Baksh’ or ‘giver of lakhs’ or ‘giver of favours’ for his magnanimity.  

7.      Hasan Nizami was a famous historian in the court of the Aibak.  

8.      Qutub-ud-din Aibak started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1199 in Delhi in memory of the Sufi saint Quaja Qutub - ud-din Bhaktiar Kaki. Its construction was completed by Ithumish. It is a five storied building.  

9.      Qutub-ud-din Aibak died 1210 by falling from horseback while playing Polo.  

10.    After the death of Qutubuddin, Aram Shah ascended the throne but he was deposed by Ilthumish and crowned himself the Sulthan.  

11.      During the period of Ilthumish (1210-1236) Chengizkhan, the Mongole conqueror attacked India (1221).  

12.    Ilthumish is considered as the real founder of Delhi Sulthanate.  

13.    Ilthumish is considered as the real founder of Delhi Sulthanate  

14.    Ilthumish was the first Sulthan of Delhi to get recognition of the Khalif of Bagdad.  

15.    Ilthumish was also the first Sulthan to make Delhi his capital.  

16.    He issued a purely Arabic coinage of Silver and was the first to do so.  

17.     Coins introdued by Ilthumish, ‘Silver Thanka’ and ‘Copper Jital’ were the two basic coins of the Sulthanate period.  

18.    He organised the ‘Chalisa’ or the famous Turkish forty to help him in the administration.  

19.    Iltumish completed the construction of Qutub Minar.  

20.  The revenue system of the Sulthanate ‘Iqta system’, was introduced by Ilthumish.  

21.    Ilthumish was succeeded by his son Ruknuddin Firoz Shah. But he was later executed and Razia became the sulthan (daughter of Ilthumish)  

22.   Sulthana Raziya, the only women ruler of, the Sultanate came to power in 1236 and reigned till 1240.  

23.   Sulthana Raizya rejected the Pardah, she adorned the male dress and held open courts.  

24.   In October 14, 1240 both Razia and Altunia who earlier raised arms against Razia but later joined with her were, beheaded at Kaithal.  

25.   After Raizya Behran Shah (1240 - 42) Allaud-din- Masudshah (1242 - 46) and Naziruddin Muhammad (1246 - 1266) ruled and Balban, the founder of the second Ilban dynasty, became the Sulthan.  

26.   Ghiasuddin Balban ‘a slave water carreer, huntsman, noble, statesman became the Sulthan of Delhi in 1266 and continued in power till 1686 AD.  

27.   Balban is considered as the founder of Second Ilbary Dynasty.  

28.   Balban described himself as ‘shadow of God’ or the ‘viceregent of God on Earth’ (Zil-i-illahi)  

29.   Balban because of his autocratic rule is considered as a ‘typical oriental despot’.  

30.  The Chalisa or forty established by Ilthumish was abolished by Balban.  

31.    His policies are considered to be ‘Draconian’.  

32.   He started the Iranian system of Sajda and Piabos.  

33.   He was a patron of men of letters and showed special favour to the poet Amir Khusrau.  

34.   After Balban’s death in 1286, Kayqubad (1287 -90) became the Sulthan.  

35.   Madhavacharya of the Dwaita Philosophy got help from Balban.  

36.   Balban’s Tomb is situated in Delhi. It was constructed by Balban himself.  

37.   Kayqubad was the last Slave Sulthan. (Kayumars who ruled for a term of three months was actually the last Slave Sulthan. He was killed by Jalaluddin Khilji) and founded the Khilji Dynasty.