Akbar the Great

 ONE-LINER HISTORY NOTE FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMS

 

Akbar the Great

1.       Father - Humayun  

2.      Mother - Hamida Bhanu Begum  

3.      Step mother - Magam Anaga  

4.      Guardian - Bairam Khan  

5.      First Guardian - Munim Khan  

6.      Akbar was born at Amarkot in Sindh in 23 Nov. 1542.  

7.      He came to the throne on February 14, 1556 at the age of 14 at Kalanur.  

8.      Hemu the Hindu Prime Minister of Muhammed Adilshah of Bihar occupied Agra and accepted the title Maharaja Vikramaditya.  

9.      Akbar killed Hemu in the Second Battle of Paniput in 1556 November 2.  

10.    Akbar became an independent ruler at the age of 18 in 1560, after dismissing Bairamkhan.  

11.      Later he married Bairam Khans widow Salima Begum.  

12.    In 1561 he defeated the musician Sulthan of Malwa - Baz Bahadur.  

13.    In 1562 Akbar married Joda Bhai, the daughter of Raja Bharmal of Amber  

14.    In 1564, he abolished the religious tax Jaziya. Jaziya was impossed for the first time by Firozshah Tughlaq.  

15.    In 1572 he captured Gujarat and in memory of that he built a new capital city Fathepur sikri (city of Victory) near Agra.  

16.    The early name of Fathepur Sikri was city of Sikri.  

17.     Buland Darwaza is the gate way of Fathepur Sikri, built by Akbar.  

18.    In 1575 Akbar constructed a prayer house in Fathepur Sikri known as Ibadatkhana.  

19.    In 1579 he issued the Infallibility Decree by which he made himself the supreme head in religious matters.  

20.  In 1580 the first Jesuit missionaries arrived at the court of Akbar.  

21.    In 1585 Ralph Fitch the first English man to reach India, reached Akbar’s court.  

22.   Ralph Fitch is known as pioneer English man or torch bearer Englishman.  

23.   In 1582 Akbar founded a new religion for universal peace and monotheism known as ‘Din Ilahi’ means Divine Faith.  

24.   In 1583 he started a new Calendar called Ilahi Calendar.  

25.   In 1576 Akbar defeated Maharana Pratap of Mewar in the battle of Haldighat. Haldighat is a mountain pass in the Aravally hills in Rajasthan.  

26.   The Portuguese introduced tobacco for the first time in India in the court of Akbar in 1604.  

27.   Akbar was the Mughal Emperor when the English East India Company was being founded in 1600 December 31.  

28.   Akbar died in 1605.  

29.   His tomb is situated at Sikhandra near Agra.  

30.  Akbar was an illiterate person, but he was a patron of men of eminence. He maintained a Scholastic Assembly in his court. They included the following personalities.  

31.    Abul Fazal : Akbar’s court historian who wrote Akbar’s biographical works Ain-i-Akbari and Akbar Namah..  

32.   Abul Faizi : Persian poet and brother of Abul Fazal. He translated Mahabharata into Persian in name ‘Razam Namah’ and Bhaskaracharya’s mathematical work Leelavati into Persian.  

33.   Mian Tansen : His original name was Ram Thanu Pande. He was the court Musician of Akbar. He composed a Raga, Rajdarbari in honour of Akbar.  

34.   Birbal : His real name was Mahesh Das. He is the court jester of Akbar.  

35.   Raja Todarmal : RajaTodarmal was Akbar’s finance or revenue minister. He formulated Akbar’s revenue system Zabti and Dashala systems. Raja Todermal also translated Bhagavatapurana into Persian.  

36.   Maharaja Mansing : Akbar’s military commander.  

37.   Badauni : a historian who translated Ramayana into Persian - Tarjuma -1-Ramayan.  

38.   Tulasidas : Hindi poet who wrote Ramacharitamanas.  

39.   Akbar’s military system was known as Mansabdari system, which included Ranks from 10 - 7000  

40.  Akbar was also responsible for the introduction Persian as the official language of Mughals.  

41.    He divided the Mughal Empire into 12 Subahs (provinces) for the administrative conveniences.  

42.   Akbar was also the first ruler to organise Hajj. Pilgrimage at the government expense. The Port Cambay in Gujarat is known as the ‘Gate way to Mecca from Mughal India’.  

43.   Akbar was an accomplished Sitar player.  

44.   Mughal - Rajput friendly relation began during the period of Akbar.

 

 

 

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