HISTORY ONE-LINER (Sangham Age)

 

ONE-LINER HISTORY NOTE FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMS

 

Sangham Age

 

1.       First five centuries of the Christian Era are commonly known as Sangham Age.

2.      Sangham was an Assembly of literature held at Madhurai.  

3.      References to the Sangham Age can be found in the inscriptions of Ashoka, and Kharavela of Kalinga and in the Indica of Megastenese.  

4.      The literature of the Sangham Age was written mostly in the form of Poetry.  

5.      In the Sangham Age, the most common form of government was hereditary monarchy. The village was the fundamental unit of administration.  

6.      Small village Assemblies during the Sangham Age were known as Arai.  

7.      Tradition refers to three sangham lasting for 9,900 years.  

8.      Language of the Sangham literature was Tamil  

9.      People of the Sangham Age mainly worshiped ‘Murugan’.  

10.    The greatest work of the Tamil literature of the Sangham Age is Tholkappium written by Tholkappiyar.  

11.      Tholkappium is considered as the earliest surviving Tamil literary work. It is a book on Tamil grammar.  

12.    The Capital of the Pandyas was at Madhurai.  

13.    Uraiyur was the capital of Cholas, known for cotton trade.  

14.    Vanchi was the capital of Cheras.  

15.    Silappadigaram, Manimegalai and Jeevakachintamani are the three epics of Sangham literature.  

16.    Korkai was the main seaport of the Pandyas.  

17.     Megastanese described Pandya Kingdom as ‘Pearl’ as it was ruled by women.  

18.    Kaveripumpatnam was the main sea port of the Cholas.  

19.    Silappatigaram as written by Ilango Adikal. It describes the love story of Kovalan and Kannaki  

20.  Nedujezhian is the Pandyan king mentioned in Silapadigaram.  

21.    Satanar wrote ‘Manimekhalai’ which is also an epic and tells about the story of the daughter of Kannaki and Kovalan.  

22.   Manimekhalai gives reference about Buddhism.

23.   II and XIII rock edicts of Ashoka mention about the South Indian kingdoms.  

24.   Karikala most prominent among early Cholas is known as the master of seven notes of music.  

25.   ‘Bharatam’ was a Tamil version of Mahabharata sung by Perundevanar.  

26.   ‘Manimekhalai’ is looked upon as the Tamil Odyssey.  

27.   Thirukkural is known as Tamil Bible compiled by Thiruvalluvar. His statue is seen near Vivekanandappara in Kanyakumari.  

28.   The greatest of the Chera rulers was Senguttuvanchera also known as ‘Red Chera’.He built a temple for Kannaki.  

29.   The famous Chera port Muziris was a great centre of Indo-Roman Trade.  

30.  The largest single tax collected during the Sangha period was the land tax called Karai.  

31.    The founder of later Cholas was Rajaraja I The most important ruler of this dynasty was Rajendra Chola.  

32.   Rajendra Chola is also known as ‘Gagaikonda Chola’ He later named his capital as ‘Gangaikonda Cholapuram’.  

33.   RajaRaja I built ‘Brihadeswara temple’ at Tanjore.  

34.   Cholas were well known for their naval supremacy and efficient village administration.  

35.   The Utharameroor inscription tells about the local self government under the cholas.  

36.   Thirukkural of Thiruvalluvar is the Tamil work which is known also as the fifth Veda.  

37.   Jivaka Chintamani the third epic of the Tamil was written by Tirukkadevar.

38.   Roman king built a temple of Augustus at Muziris.

39.   FAMOUS ERAS   Vikram  Era ----  58 BC,   Saka Era ---- 78 AD, Gupta Era ----320 AD,  Hijra Era ---- 622 AD,  Kollam Era ---- 825 AD,  Illahi Era ----1583 AD